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Mengungkap Ancaman Megathrust di Indonesia: Siapkah Kita?

Mengungkap Ancaman Megathrust di Indonesia: Siapkah Kita?

Indonesia berada di zona subduksi aktif di mana lempeng Indo-Australia menunjam ke bawah lempeng Eurasia, menciptakan potensi gempa megathrust dahsyat yang bisa memicu tsunami besar.

Apa Itu Gempa Megathrust?

Gempa megathrust terjadi akibat penumpukan energi di zona sesar thrust sepanjang ratusan kilometer, melepaskan gelombang seismik hingga magnitudo 9,0 atau lebih. Di Indonesia, terdapat 13-14 segmen utama seperti Aceh-Andaman (M9,2), Mentawai-Siberut (M8,9), dan Selat Sunda (M8,7) yang sudah lama tidak aktif, dikenal sebagai seismic gap. Segmen ini terakhir bergemuruh pada 1700-1800-an, menyimpan energi setara ribuan bom atom.

Zona Berisiko Tertinggi

Zona Megathrust	Potensi Magnitudo	Dampak Utama
Aceh-Andaman	9,2	Tsunami Samudra Hindia luas
Mentawai-Siberut	8,9	Tsunami Sumatera Barat hingga Jakarta
Selat Sunda	8,7	Tsunami Banten-Lampung 4-8 meter
Jawa Selatan	8,7-9,1	Gelombang hingga Jakarta 1-2 meter
Papua	8,7	Tsunami timur Indonesia

BMKG memperingatkan segmen Mentawai dan Selat Sunda paling mengkhawatirkan karena "tinggal menunggu waktu".

Strategi Mitigasi

Bangun infrastruktur tahan gempa dan sistem peringatan dini tsunami BMKG yang terintegrasi.

Lakukan simulasi evakuasi rutin di pesisir rawan seperti Pangandaran dan Padang.

Dorong asuransi bencana dan pemetaan risiko seismic gap untuk relokasi penduduk.

Kesiapsiagaan nasional krusial; tanpa itu, korban jiwa bisa jutaan seperti tsunami Aceh 2004.

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