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Deal AS-TikTok: Realitas Baru Juara Tech China di Pasar Global?

Deal AS-TikTok: Realitas Baru Juara Tech China di Pasar Global?

Deal AS-TikTok membentuk realitas baru di mana perusahaan tech China seperti ByteDance bisa bertahan di pasar global AS melalui usaha patungan mayoritas milik investor Amerika, menghindari larangan total. Kesepakatan ini dirampungkan akhir Januari 2026 setelah negosiasi panjang sejak 2020, dengan ByteDance lisensi algoritma ke entitas AS senilai sekitar US$14 miliar. Ini menandai kompromi geopolitik yang memungkinkan ekspansi tech China dengan batasan ketat pada data dan kontrol.

Detail Kesepakatan

ByteDance menandatangani perjanjian dengan Oracle, Silver Lake, dan MGX untuk joint venture AS yang mengelola data pengguna, moderasi konten, serta keamanan algoritma secara independen. ByteDance pegang 19,9% saham, di bawah batas 20% regulasi AS, sementara divisi revenue seperti iklan dan e-commerce tetap terpisah tapi berbagi hasil. Deal ini tutup 22 Januari 2026, disambut positif Presiden Trump sebagai solusi keamanan nasional.

Dampak bagi Tech China

Model ini ciptakan preseden bagi raksasa tech China: ekspansi global mungkin, tapi dengan lisensi teknologi dan hilangnya kontrol penuh atas aset sensitif di pasar Barat. Berbeda dengan Huawei yang diblokir total dari infrastruktur 5G, TikTok tunjukkan pendekatan "bertahan dengan kompromi" di tengah perang dagang AS-China. China anggap ini kemenangan, ekspor tech sesuai syaratnya sendiri sambil pertahankan akses 200 juta pengguna AS.

Implikasi Pasar Global

TikTok pertahankan dominasi di AS (170+ juta pengguna), tapi pengalaman pengguna berubah karena algoritma domestik, potensial kurangi "kekuatan adiktif" asli. Bagi kompetitor China seperti Shein atau Temu, ini dorong model JV serupa untuk hindari sanksi, tapi tingkatkan biaya dan regulasi. Secara keseluruhan, batasi ambisi "juara tech" China jadi lebih bergantung pada mitra lokal Barat.

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