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Gasifikasi Batu Bara Jadi DME: Solusi Hijau RI Lawan Ketergantungan LPG

Gasifikasi Batu Bara Jadi DME: Solusi Hijau RI Lawan Ketergantungan LPG

Gasifikasi batu bara menjadi DME (Dimethyl Ether) menawarkan solusi strategis bagi Indonesia untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor LPG sambil memanfaatkan cadangan batu bara melimpah.

Proses Gasifikasi Utama

Proses dimulai dengan gasifikasi batu bara menjadi syngas (campuran CO dan H2) pada suhu tinggi 1300-1500°C menggunakan teknologi seperti Shell entrained flow. Syngas kemudian disintesis menjadi metanol, lalu didehidrasi menjadi DME melalui dua metode: langsung (3CO + 3H2 → CH3OCH3 + CO2) atau tidak langsung via metanol.

Keunggulan Lingkungan

DME memiliki sifat bakar mirip LPG (api biru, tekanan uap serupa), lebih bersih karena kandungan oksigen tinggi, dan kompor DME kompatibel dengan LPG 3 kg tanpa modifikasi besar. Proses ini ubah batu bara rendah kalori jadi energi domestik, kurangi emisi impor kapal tanker.

Manfaat Ekonomi RI

Pemerintah targetkan operasi proyek 2027, hemat subsidi LPG Rp87 triliun/tahun, serap 10.600 tenaga kerja konstruksi, dan kurangi impor 7 juta ton LPG. Cadangan batu bara 110 miliar ton jadi aset hilirisasi menuju energi mandiri 2060.

Meski disebut "solusi hijau", gasifikasi hasilkan emisi CO2 5x lebih tinggi daripada LPG konvensional, picu kritik ekonomi hijau dan kebutuhan CCS untuk net zero emission.

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